The legal status of cannabis (commonly called “weed”) in Mexico is complex, evolving, and has some important caveats. Here’s a detailed breakdown of where things stand as of now, what youcan andcan’t do, and what to watch out for — especially if you’re a visitor or planning to use cannabis there.

Current Legal Framework

Medical & scientific use

Cannabis use for medical and research purposes islegal under certain conditions. For example:

• In 2017, Mexico legalized medical cannabis products containing cannabis or its derivatives (with THC content ≤1 %) under regulation.

• In January 2021, the government published regulations for medical cannabis via the health ministry. 

• Cultivation, import/export, commercialization of medical-cannabis products require authorizations from the federal health regulator COFEPRIS (Comisión Federal para la Protección contra Riesgos Sanitarios). 

Bottom line: Medical cannabis has a regulated legal path, though access and product availability are limited.

Recreational use & possession

Here is where much of the confusion lies.

• In August 2009, Mexico decriminalized possession of up to 5 g of cannabis for personal use under the General Health Law.

• The Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation of Mexico ruled repeatedly that criminal prohibition of personal cannabis use and self-cultivation violated constitutional rights (specifically the right to free development of personality). One landmark ruling was on 31 October 2018.

• On 28–29 June 2021 the Supreme Court declared that it was unconstitutional to prohibit adult personal use of cannabis and ordered the Congress to legislate accordingly.

However — and this is crucial —commercial sale, large-scale cultivation, import/export for recreational use are still formally prohibited in many respects. For example, a legal guide notes:

“In Mexico the law does not permit the production, import or sale of recreational cannabis.” 

 And while the jurisprudence allows individuals to file for a permit viaamparo (constitutional protection) to consume/cultivate, the regulatory framework for general recreational commercial legalization is still incomplete.

So: although adult use has been declared a constitutional right and possession is decriminalized/partially legalized under court precedent, the full regulated market (sale, retail outlets, large-scale cultivation) isnot yet fully operational.

What YouCan andCan’t Do

Here’s a practical guide for what’s allowed (or tolerated) and what remains restricted:

What youcan do (with caution)

• Possess small quantities of cannabis for personal use (up to 5 g) without automatic criminal prosecution.

• Adult individuals (18+) may exercise rights to self-cultivation and personal use under certain court‐approved amparo protections. 

• Use approved medical cannabis products (through regulated channels) if you have proper authorization.
  

• Carry out or partake in scientific/research cannabis programs under license (for example via COFEPRIS).
  
  

What youcan’t do (or what is still risky)

• Buy from licensed retail recreational cannabis shops in a fully regulated national market (because the market isn’t fully regulated for that purpose yet).
  

• Assume that every form of cannabis use or purchase is free of legal risk — police/enforcement may